![脊柱的螺旋稳定:背痛的预防与治疗](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/201/46418201/b_46418201.jpg)
在镜室中练习螺旋稳定——通过两面镜子来控制运动协调的正确性
螺旋稳定的三个条件:
1.姿势平衡;
2.肌肉平衡;
3.足够的运动范围。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_8_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-ArO5AGxXZTMJ84xzuh0xA1FR2PFxrlTz-0-6b012cf82b0315ca9a850ee4908a72ea)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_9_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-vqctAIZcfpqADDq0Stfv0wHcpXbcA8EU-0-c716a704b6251851954df9b882e719e2)
螺旋肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_10_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-YbwaZKH9YaQxDBLKKC27cjxMLEz6Y3cE-0-d15f3332285732a46689858f1a02ce71)
垂直肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_10_2.jpg?sign=1738940331-Wh0MZh4PaduEJE7x3nAKdfY8JBI9a3xT-0-ea93be4012858c56acef49f1b4d524e6)
螺旋肌肉链的走行方向与椎间盘纤维环的纤维走行方向相同
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_11_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-lkLH28YcDFHzbvIlWzkHHwnmlIUDGBPp-0-4159f4f7af68d2538dccdf2dc8b9102f)
椎间盘
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_12_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-469hs6AZNi1YK8ZqAzJ2CAUDmO29OehD-0-7330392e80d39e17943971e9d516237b)
TR(斜方肌)螺旋肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_13_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-nRqOp3OS7hgInVKeXYgNIYYSDd8I9oK2-0-bc041e6f7d0945d8da67d1cc93c3dda5)
LD(背阔肌)螺旋肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_14_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-QMGuyMH4RnsLnsvtRngC1PwVNJ416G58-0-cadd4713d7f890db8eebcddd0de742f0)
SA(前锯肌)螺旋肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_15_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-xS2so8ALBsmOvSfdskpZ2Dsq69Q6kgVR-0-17de17b1d2c46f8b26a3d7a8b3fb44ad)
PM(胸大肌)螺旋肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_16_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-xrCMmO2ktcyLt9FGO9yaKtAfIUoPQgeA-0-4e76635588f3fb110c9b568913ee2c84)
ES(竖脊肌)垂直肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_17_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-KuzmNAUhKfYIyYwb75iZ2DUAS0tiJNfe-0-d26ef1520025aa64ad4a05adce44412a)
QL(腰方肌)垂直肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_18_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-hjGxLEGHmvRbQG7fqEdXlfnwJxkTc5KX-0-c8d5385435a7544785a7700d8154918b)
RA(腹直肌)垂直肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_19_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-oBJyng5swylx2wxPEKm2aFd5j8j5ahEs-0-d586747a3e6f3750aa52b992e8a36866)
IP(髂腰肌)垂直肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_20_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-27EWh7lhllfnS6M1vZBpuanlDwxM53A6-0-52cf3f7968c0e437cec050977a424f71)
健康的步态——协调性
最佳协调步态是螺旋稳定的前提。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_21_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-aY01qUiwPpWic8rXccrdYcgdzBe8c5pv-0-36356749256442ee49370188960cdcfd)
健康的步态——稳定性
健康的步态是由螺旋肌肉链稳定的。肩胛骨和手臂的运动激活螺旋肌肉链。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_22_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-OackqgNOTwdERM3XlkqsQtB89IniRWu7-0-c4e2ed9f8320c98afaf7500c52516843)
健康的步态——行走时的脊柱反应
在行走过程中,脊柱形成两条功能性S曲线。胸椎跟随肩胛骨和手臂运动,腰椎跟随骨盆和腿运动。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_23_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-HenD2OHnqVOOxP1emuNbsiecCdejkulZ-0-86ff00c949d0be5e0557389eee5aab9d)
肌肉平衡——肩带、盆带和躯干的平衡
肌肉平衡是建立螺旋稳定的前提条件,肌肉失平衡会阻止螺旋肌肉链被激活。协同肌之间交互抑制。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_24_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-SeMYHnYCu7IzPqLlKUtw3fqvkUUJiLv0-0-dcd36c4995340b78ad020180956449f2)
肌电图——激活TR-C肌肉链,交互抑制ES肌肉链
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_25_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-vTJw5DYn0evZaNYqHxwBGMa72QdFPESj-0-34b3f922893d016ea8159252269455f6)
螺旋稳定训练
牵伸胸肌和髋屈肌。正确运动5个月,髋屈肌可以拉伸到20cm,脊柱和髋关节损伤的风险免除。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_26_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-Eam2jrn40244AS6kYJ6Jb3ZR5xJEVGwJ-0-c644b82f07b68b7df4aef35150427b90)
牵伸椎旁肌和下肢肌
螺旋稳定训练可以向上牵伸躯干和脊柱
手臂和肩胛骨向下方运动,通过斜方肌和背阔肌肌肉链激活腹部斜肌和腹横肌,产生牵引力。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_27_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-4kHn3AxdSszt9mbS9uhdLAi6PrMrKUu3-0-eabbbedc63a30659e552562a08dcf295)
螺旋稳定训练可以向上牵伸躯干和脊柱
手臂和肩胛骨向前下方运动,通过前锯肌肌肉链激活腹部斜肌和腹横肌,产生牵引力。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_28_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-yQhsFODcTEpeYKMpj6JIvMQ5fAnQGX4f-0-8f213ea4f7deeabd587e7a0ef4f305d2)
螺旋稳定训练是高效的主动牵伸训练
主动螺旋稳定了身体的中心,同时使四肢更具活动能力。训练效果是基于这样的事实:首先通过交互抑制减弱伸肌,然后将其伸展。该训练为曾获得6届德国健美操冠军的JankaDaubner开辟了一条继续通往胜利的道路,并强化了她的健康。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_29_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-QDvM1K8m6FXrCUJ5xVNelKksQmGy4Byh-0-ab198e778ae6b0e74027842eb9eb4113)
螺旋稳定训练会在不稳定的姿势下迅速增加螺旋肌肉的收缩
运动中的快速稳定可以有效地防止脊柱负担过重,同时是提高身体活动能力的方法。螺旋稳定训练成为德国国家健美操队的体能训练方式和运动预防手段的原因正在于此。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_30_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-IFgCALouhdlWIwrmolrJlIEJRLlJUmt8-0-59ab7adc453b3d799d04dcc96829d693)
顶级运动员进行螺旋稳定训练
图示为Fabien Lefevre和Tony Estanguet,他们均为水上项目世界冠军、奥运会冠军。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_31_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-qYZMytAnufnf4nYi1wRJrkaw9NxxrpuG-0-55932b6b048428bafa3bdbb29b38dfb5)
当仰卧位训练时,垂直肌肉链被激活,肌肉淀粉酶出现。当进行螺旋稳定训练时,腹壁肌肉斜行束紧,腰围减小。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_32_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-iz6RummnEDq96cLqksQM3qtIcuXFh6v5-0-495311acf42bdfe5421146604971b125)
螺旋稳定训练是任何年龄都适用的一种高效治疗脊柱侧弯的方法。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_33_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-76MaNgUdslPGK8kXeu9sT51y6sv9MqKQ-0-0587897d27e070f24742011180e23873)
通过螺旋稳定训练,可以获得稳定的步态。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_34_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-5RrpMU0Tk0jyq4xt8NXVdz2PDqTlEBJ5-0-9fd396d2046d5e9b70fcee7f71f5d7c9)
久坐不动会导致严重的肌肉失衡,这是造成椎间盘突出和脊柱侧弯的原因。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_35_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-GvhEKqguSMv9Yef1UIXCgRZvVBVAMQfi-0-672865eed2df8a9a3e393b1becdd36b8)
螺旋稳定训练可以预防:姿势不良,脊柱侧弯,肌肉平衡失调,行走、跑步不协调,久坐造成的脊柱和大关节退变。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C617AC/25638808101563506/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39907_36_1.jpg?sign=1738940331-LzpmwpPCSLiY6RKWnCsJtOTfoiZEXanZ-0-59d8b1862ecb5a6b6260473d2602fa9d)